3. a. Green leadership and Green Human Resources Management

Green leadership refers to “the behaviors of leaders who encourage followers to accomplish environmental goals and inspire them to perform beyond anticipated levels of environmental effectiveness” (Khan and Khan, 2022; Li et al., 2023). This green leadership exhibits enthusiasm in employees to develop unique ideas for the environment by motivating them to prioritize the organization’s objectives over individual goals. It also directs employees in all circumstances, helps them where required, and advises them in all circumstances (Cop, Alola and Alola, 2020). As a result, green leadership is responsible for shaping the attitude of employees to engage in green behavior (Li et al., 2023) to conserve environmental resources.

Green human recourses management (GHRM) is considered one of the most important indicators of an organization’s adoption of environmentally friendly trends. It is an essential part of the overall greening process, as it affects all parts of the organization, such as supply chains, production, strategies, values, culture, employee behavior, etc. (Benevene and Buonomo, 2020). GHRM is also one of the main directions adopted by hotels to mitigate the negative environmental impacts that they may cause, as it facilitates the implementation of green policies and strategies through its various practices that affect the environmental performance of the organization as a whole (Renwick, Redman and Maguire, 2013).